The Clash of Civilizations in the Time of Shakespeare, Part 1 by Adrian Morgan

Anyone with only a passing interest in Islamic affairs will be aware of the term "Caliphate." The last Caliphate, that of the Ottomans, was officially abolished on March 3, 1924, on the orders of the secular government of Turkey. Islamists glamorize the Caliphate as something "good," but in its last years, the Ottoman Caliphate was bloated and corrupt. It gave rise to the Armenian genocide under Sultan Abdul-Hamid II. From the early 16th Century onwards, the Sultan of the Ottomans was also the Caliph. On November 1, 1922 the Sultanate was officially abolished and the deposed Abdul-Hamid lost his title of Caliph. 18 days later Abdul-Hamid’s cousin was inaugurated as Abdulmecid II the very last Caliph.

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